L-Parameter: Markers for Manner (MANNER)

From Contribution: Adverbial subordinators in European languages

[German 'indem p, q']: answers 'how'-questions; closely related to Similarity, Comparison, Comment/Accord and especially to Instrument; p and q relate to the same event and p specifies how the event is performed; different from Instrument, p and q cannot necessarily be converted into a Purpose relation, i.e. it is not the case that 'p in order to q' (e.g. My father stiffened, straightening his shoulders; [German Er verbrachte den Nachmittag, indem er Gedichte las. ''He spent the afternoon reading poems'])

Language Value Comment Source Examples